Airguns are versatile tools used for a variety of purposes, including target shooting, hunting, pest control, and even military and law enforcement training. Their uses have evolved significantly since their invention in the 16th century, moving beyond warfare to become a popular and accessible option for a wide range of civilian activities. The specific use often depends on the type of airgun and its power level.

Competitive and Recreational Shooting

Competitive target shooting is one of the most prominent uses for airguns. Air rifles and pistols are a staple in international competitions, including the Olympic Games, with events like the 10-meter air rifle and 10-meter air pistol. These competitions require immense precision and focus. Airguns are ideal for this due to their minimal recoil and noise, which allows shooters to maintain concentration on their technique.

Beyond the formal world of competition, airguns are a popular choice for recreational shooting, often referred to as plinking. They're a great way for beginners to learn the fundamentals of marksmanship without the noise, recoil, or cost of traditional firearms. Backyard plinking at tin cans or other reactive targets is a common pastime.

Hunting and Pest Control

With modern advancements, airguns have become powerful enough for hunting. Pre-Charged Pneumatic (PCP) air rifles, in particular, can deliver significant energy, making them suitable for a variety of game.

• Small Game: Airguns are widely used for hunting small game like squirrels, rabbits, and birds. Calibers like .22 and .25 are typically used for this purpose, providing a humane and effective kill.
• Medium to Large Game: High-powered air rifles, some capable of generating over 800 foot-pounds of energy, are used for hunting medium to even large game like wild boar and deer in states where it's legal. However, regulations for hunting with airguns vary by state, often specifying minimum caliber and muzzle energy requirements for different animal types.
• Pest Control: Airguns are a popular option for managing pests like rats, raccoons, and iguanas. Their quieter operation and accuracy allow for effective and discreet pest removal, especially in suburban or agricultural settings where discharging a firearm isn't practical.

Training and Other Uses

Due to their realistic feel and low operating cost, airguns are also used for professional training.

• Law Enforcement and Military: Airsoft guns, which are a type of airgun, are often used in force-on-force training drills for law enforcement and military personnel. They provide a safe way to practice combat tactics and situational awareness without the risks of live ammunition.
• Skill Development: Air pistols that mimic the size, weight, and function of real firearms are used for fundamental skill development, such as holster draw practice and trigger control. Their low-cost ammunition and ability to be used in indoor settings make them a convenient training tool.